https://www.qparsi.ir/ Critique, Analysis and Aesthetics of Texts en daily 1 Mon, 22 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0330 Mon, 22 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0330 https://www.qparsi.ir/article_244316.html Beyond its aesthetic dimensions, exaggeration aligns closely with the cognitive development of children in age group "A" and plays a vital role in their emotional growth. Through mental imagery, it also serves as an effective tool for enhancing imagination and facilitating the understanding of complex concepts. Accordingly, this study explores the role and function of exaggeration in poems intended for children in age group "A," with the aim of highlighting the significance of this rhetorical device in fostering imagination, conceptual understanding, and cognitive development. Additionally, the research seeks to provide a foundation for creating literary content that aligns with children's psychological needs. The findings indicate that exaggeration can significantly contribute to cognitive development by employing mental imagery to improve language skills and critical thinking. The main techniques of exaggeration observed in children's poetry include: magnification or minimization of characters, exaggeration of actions, depiction of impossible combinations, amplification of emotions, and more. This study employs a qualitative methodology and conducts a detailed analysis of poems targeted at age group "A." https://www.qparsi.ir/article_244317.html This research is conducted with a qualitative approach and comparative-analytical method within the framework of cross-cultural studies of mythology and examines the common grounds and differences in the epic literature of the two cultures of Iran and India. The main goal is to analyze and compare the mythical heroes of these two civilizations based on predetermined indicators extracted from valid theoretical foundations and text-based evidence. The research population includes prominent epic heroes in the classical texts of Iran and India whose narratives, characteristics, and functions have been recorded in valid mythological sources. The data were collected through library study and systematic review of sources, including books, scientific-research articles, theses, specialized reference texts, and also valid online databases. The findings of the study show that Rostam and Karna, as two fundamental heroes, reflect two different models of the mythical hero: Rostam in the Iranian tradition is the embodiment of power, practical wisdom, connection with the land, and the preserver of national identity, and more than being an individual character, he is considered an embodiment of cultural continuity and social cohesion of Iranians. In contrast, Karna in Indian myths, with its prominent moral and tragic aspects, is introduced more as a suffering, self-sacrificing, and meaning-oriented hero whose identity function does not go beyond the national level. This distinction shows that the Iranian epic tradition emphasizes the representation of resistance, patriotism, and the consolidation of collective culture, while the Indian tradition formulates the hero in the form of the experience of suffering, morality, and spirituality. Accordingly, Rostam has become a historical-mythical symbol in Iranian cultural memory, but Karna is more reflective of moral and individual concerns in Indian epic literature. https://www.qparsi.ir/article_244314.html Identification and Analysis of Lyric Elements in Contemporary Persian Poetry with a Focus on the Poetry of Gholamreza BrousanAbstractThis study aims to analyze the lyrical elements in the poetry of Gholamreza Brousan through a descriptive-analytical approach. The primary research question investigates the extent to which the characteristics and positive effects of lyrical poetry can be identified in Brousan’s works. As one of the oldest and most widespread poetic genres, lyrical poetry reflects individual emotions. Examining this genre in Brousan’s poetry—where personal lived experiences are transformed into verse—is therefore of scholarly significance. Drawing upon diverse theoretical perspectives on lyrical poetry, this study seeks to extract and analyze shared lyrical components within his poems. The hypothesis suggests that Brousan’s works embody the core elements of lyrical poetry, which accounts for their effective engagement with readers. Findings indicate that his poems are marked by emotional depth, individuality, artistic language, imaginative imagery, and philosophical reflection. The analysis shows that in the contemporary literary context, despite the growing tendencies toward linguistic complexity or prose-like structures in poetry, reinforcing lyrical components not only enhances the aesthetic and literary quality of poetic works but also helps restore the reader-poem connection and prevents the erosion of poetic form into prose. https://www.qparsi.ir/article_244318.html From the very beginning of the arrival of Islam, Persian writers and literati used the verses of the Holy Quran in various ways in their works, and they were influenced by it not only in terms of its semantic and content aspects, but also in terms of aesthetics and rhetoric. Kamal al-Din Hossein ibn Hassan Khwarizmi, nicknamed Taj al-Din, was one of the mystics of the Kubrawiyya lineage in the eighth and ninth centuries AH. He is one of the writers whose prose shows a great influence of the Quran. The types of influence of Khwarizmi on the Holy Quran are manifested in methods such as lexical, propositional, and visual influence. The results of the study indicate that Khwarizmi's influence on the Quran was in subtypes such as borrowing, guaranteeing, solving, translating, and addition of simile. This research was conducted using library resources and a descriptive-analytical method, and its goal is to explain the ways in which Khwarizmi was influenced by the Quran in the second volume of Jawaher al-Asrar and Zawahir al-Anwar. https://www.qparsi.ir/article_245211.html Throughout the history of Persian literature, there are many poets who, depending on their artistic character and poetic brilliance, have played significant roles in society and history. With their unique styles and approaches they have enriched this literature. Among thousands of Persian poets from the early days of Dari Persian to the present day, some have risen to prominence while others have remained obscure. This article introduces and examines the poetry of Salah al-Din Sarfi Saveji, a poet of the 10th century AH (16th century CE). Brief information about Sarfi Savji is found in the contemporary sources from the 10th century, and later sources also quote from those sources. These sources do not contain much information about the details of the poet's life. Often, one can find his name and poetic evidence in literary annals. By analyzing biographical sources, poems, and historical evidence, a clearer picture of his life, personality, and literary status in the 10th-century literary movement can be drawn. Sarfi Saveji was a follower of the Woqoo style, yet his poetry also reflects elements of the Iraqi style and traces of the Indian style. While adhering to the Woqoo style, Sarfi at times draws upon the subtleties of the Indian style, an innovative fusion that gives his poetry a distinct character. The structure of traditional Ghazal, familiar language, and a mournful, sorrowful tone, shape his poetic identity. https://www.qparsi.ir/article_244460.html Literature interacts with the emotional forces and inner world of humans, and it may sometimes help alleviate psychological issues and strengthen the emotional balance of individuals. Therefore, by properly analyzing a literary work, one can trace the existence and essence of the author. This article examines the character typology of the lover and beloved in Nezami's Leyli and Majnun based on Karen Horney's theory. Horney, as a reformist psychoanalyst of Freudian theory, has either completed or revised Freud's concepts. Her perspective on personality, like that of other personality theorists, reflects her personal experiences. According to her view, the methods and strategies an individual resorts to for self-protection lead to the emergence of three personality types: compliant, aggressive, and withdrawn. The research method is descriptive-analytical. The results indicate that the society depicted in Leyli and Majnun is closed, filled with oppression and humiliation, and the attainment of rights and the realization of desires can only be achieved through force and the sword. In such a society, Leyli and Majnun are inevitably forced to choose a compliant strategy. Leyli, in a society that grants no rights to women and where her life has no value, sees the solution in lowering her head, remaining silent, and submitting to the fate that others have predetermined for her. Ultimately, she exits this world in a plaintive and unsuccessful manner, harboring the hope that perhaps she may find her desires fulfilled in the afterlife. https://www.qparsi.ir/article_243352.html This research aims to investigate the mystical experience of "annihilation" and "unity with the truth" in the arrangements of the Absolute Judges of Hamedani; an experience that not only has a divine and spiritual aspect, but can also be analyzed from the perspective of existential psychology and has profound consequences in the field of human identity. The research question is how the experience of annihilation in the arrangements of the absolute judge can be considered as a stage in overcoming the existential crisis and psychological flourishing in the process of forming the authentic identity of man? The present research uses a qualitative method and, using the method of mystical-existential content analysis, extracts the key propositions of the arrangements and is written with existential psychology theories such as the views of Yalom, Frankl, and Rollo May. Given the central role of spiritual and mystical experiences in human psychological development, addressing this topic from an integrated perspective can bridge the gap between theological traditions and modern humanities and provide a deeper understanding of the process of authentic identity formation. Also, this analysis can have applications in the field of existential psychotherapy and interdisciplinary studies. The comparative study showed that the experience of annihilation in the precepts, as a fundamental break in individual identity and a stage of encountering borderline situations, plays an effective role in human psychological development. The findings of the article show that the experience of annihilation in the mysticism of Ayn al-Qadat is not only a sign of the destruction of the individual self, but also a reflection of an authentic crisis that leads to the reconstruction of identity, the discovery of the true self, and psychological growth. This experience is closely related to the concepts of existential crisis, symbolic death, and authenticity in existential psychology and can be considered as a model for individual development on the path of self-knowledge. https://www.qparsi.ir/article_243997.html The issue of the “other” and the way of morally confronting him has become one of the main foci of cultural, religious, and identity tensions in the contemporary world. In the meantime, rereading classical moral-educational texts can provide alternative horizons for understanding the roots of anti-otherism and the possibilities of moral coexistence. The present study, with a qualitative approach and descriptive-analytical method, explores the concept of “otherness” in Rumi’s spiritual Masnavi and attempts to extract and formulate the components and moral-educational mechanisms of confronting the other from the text. The research data is the full text of the six Masnavi books, and the analysis is based on the logic of content analysis and conceptual clustering.The findings show that otherness in the Masnavi is not simply equivalent to tolerance or social tolerance, but rather a procedural and multi-level system of ethics of encountering the other. This system is based on four main clusters.Epistemic humility and criticism of certainty, dignity-centeredness and sensitivity to intention in moral judgment, de-egotism and inner purification as an educational mechanism, and politeness of disagreement and avoidance of humiliation at the level of social communication. Analysis of central anecdotes such as "The Elephant in the Dark", "Moses and the Shepherd", "Nahwa and the Shipman" and "The Romans and the Chinese" shows that the Masnavi traces the roots of anti-otherness in the error of perception, moral contempt, self-centered ego and linguistic violence and outlines the path of transition to otherness from internal reform to language and relationship reform. https://www.qparsi.ir/article_252612.html A Comparative Analysis of Psychological Traits and Personality Components in the Ghazals of Hafez and SaadiAbstractPersian literature, particularly in the form of ghazals, is considered an important manifestation of emotional, psychological, and personality experiences within Iranian culture. Among classical Persian poets, Hafez and Saadi hold preeminent positions, reflecting a special mental and emotional world in their ghazals. Using literary psychology and personality theories, this study provides a comparative analysis of the psychological traits and personality components in the ghazals of Hafez and Saadi. The research adopts a descriptive-analytical method based on a desk study. The data are collected from the ghazals of these two poets, reputable critical studies on Hafez and Saadi, and personality psychology theories. The findings reveal that Saadi portrays an experiential, relationship-oriented, and emotionally balanced personality, but Hafez presents a sophisticated, multifaceted, and inward-looking personality, indicating psychological and social tensions through symbolism, irony, and rendi. Saadi’s ghazals view love largely within the framework of human relationships and lived experience, but Hafez’s often have symbolic, philosophical, and sometimes critical forms. These distinctions indicate two different personality patterns within the Persian ghazal tradition.KeywordsHafez, Saadi, Literary Psychology, Personality, Ghazal, Emotion Regulation